Museo dell'Opera del Duomo

This museum houses Duccio's Maestà, the altarpiece that changed Italian art forever when it was completed in 1311. You'll see both sides of this massive work: the front shows the Virgin and Child surrounded by saints, while the back tells Christ's passion story across 26 panels. The museum also displays original statues from the cathedral's facade by Giovanni Pisano, letting you examine details impossible to see from street level.

The visit flows chronologically through Sienese art history, but everyone comes for the Maestà room on the first floor. Standing before this golden masterpiece feels almost overwhelming: the faces are impossibly expressive for 14th century painting, and you can spend ages discovering tiny narrative details. The top floor terrace offers spectacular views over Siena's terracotta rooftops, with the Torre del Mangia perfectly framed.

Most guides oversell the entire collection when really it's about three highlights: the Maestà, Pisano's statues, and that terrace view. The ground floor rooms feel like filler compared to upstairs. Entry costs €8, or €15 combined with the cathedral (worth it). Skip the audio guide and use that €5 for gelato instead: the wall texts are perfectly adequate in English.